Glossary

English	Spanish
Acquittal	Absolver
Civil Guard	Guardia Civil
Complaint	Denuncia/ Querella
Convict	Condenar
Examining court	Juzgado de Instrucción
Fines	Multas
Hate Crime	Delitos de Odio
National Police Corps	Cuerpo Nacional de Policía
Private Prosecutor	Acusación Particular
Public Prosecutor	Ministerio Fiscal
Testimony	Testimonio
Violent Extremism	Extremismo Violento

Spanish

Legal Framework

In Spain, hate crime are not legally recognised as a separate offense, rather they are approached via aggravated offenses and specific provisions within the Criminal Code.

Articles 22 and 170 of the Criminal Code

In specific, when a crime is assessed as being motivated by hate or discrimination, , enable enhanced sanctions.

Article 510 of the Criminal Code

The incitement to hatred or violence is legally criminalised through article 510 of the Criminal Code.  

It criminalises speech or action that promote hatred, discrimination or violence against individuals and/or groups, including public expressions, propaganda or activities that encourage violence.

Strategy for Victims Rights (2024-2028)

Estatuto de la víctima de delito

This national plan (Estatuto de la víctima de delito) structures guidelines and action to ensure the right protection and support to those affected by crime, also including victims of extremism-motivated incidents and terrorism.

Consequently, the plan establishes the creation of a System of Care for Victims of crime, combining psychological, legal, social and economic assistance.

Use of International and EU Frameworks

Victims Statute (Law no. 4/2015)

It transposes the Directive 2012/29/EU into spanish law, aligning the country’s legal system with European standards, focusing mostly on ensuring fundamental rights, support and protection.

Moreover, and importantly, Spain has a structured national strategy for combating hate crimes through the Plan de Acción de Lucha contra los Delitos de Odio (2022-2024) (Action Plan for Combating Hate Crimes).